Riječko brodarstvo u Drugom svjetskom ratu

Ovdje navodimo samo neke od primjera plovidbe sušačkih parobroda u Drugom svjetskom ratu i njihovih stradavanja od strane sila Osovine. Kao dio Kraljevine Jugoslavije Sušak je neposredno prije i početkom Drugog svjetskog rata imao više brodara duge plovidbe.Kao Jedan od brodova predstavljenih na izložbi parobrod je Biokovo. To je ime dobio nakon rata, kada je pripao novoosnovanoj Jugoslavenskoj linijskoj plovidbi, no prije Drugog svjetskog rata nosio je ime Aleksandar I. i bio je u sastavu flote Jugoslavenskog Lloyda. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata sudjelovao je u konvojima pod zapovjedništvom britanske uprave.

Rijeka’s shipping industry in World War II

Here we present a few examples of the sailings by Sušak’s steamships in World War II and their destruction by the Axis Powers. Just before the start of World War II Sušak, as a part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, had many long distance shipping companies. One of the ships presented in the exhibition is the Biokovo. This is the name it was given after the war, when it belonged to the newly-formed Jugoslavenska Linijska Plovidba, however before World War II it was named the Aleksandar I, and it was part of the Jugoslavenski Lloyd fleet. During World War II it participated in convoys under the command of the British authorities.

Kraljevina Jugoslavija službeno je bila u ratu sa silama Osovine od travnja 1941., no njeni su brodovi, iako su formalno pripadali neutralnoj državi, napadani i potapani i prije 1941. godine. Određeni su brodovi tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata bili u službi Saveznika (odnosno Saveznici su ih konfiscirali) i plovili su pod britanskom ili američkom zastavom, a nakon završetka rata svi oni koji nisu potonuli nastavili su ploviti kao dio flote novoosnovanih kompanija, bilo u Rijeci bilo u drugim hrvatskim gradovima. Među najznačajnijim brodovima koji su plovili u sastavu savezničkih konvoja u Drugom svjetskom ratu bio je parobrod Ljubljana, koji je za vrijeme rata nosio ime Dunav i pripadao sušačkom brodaru Brodarsko a. d. Oceania. Parobrod je izgrađen 1912. u mjestu Walker-on-Tyne za mađarsku kompaniju Hungarian Levant Steamship, koja je imala ispostavu u Rijeci. Prvo mu je ime bilo Karpat.

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was officially at war with the Axis Powers from April 1941, however its ships, although formally belonging to a neutral state, were attacked and sunk even before 1941. Certain ships during World War II were in the service of the Allies (in other words the Allies confiscated them) and sailed under the British or American flags, whilst after the end of the war all of those which were not sunk continued to sail as part of the fleet of newly-established companies, whether in Rijeka or other Croatian cities. Amongst the most significant of the ships which sailed in the Allies convoys in World War II was the steamship Ljubljana, which during wartime was named the Dunav and belonged to the Sušak shipping company Brodarsko a.d. Oceania. The steamship was built in 1912 in the shipyard of Walker, Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the Hungarian company Hungarian Levant Steamship, which had a branch office in Rijeka. Its first name was the Karpat.

Jedan od sličnih brodova koji je plovio u konvojima bio je i parobrod Biokovo, prikazan na fotografiji u splitskoj luci. Biokovo je pripao riječkom brodaru Jugolinija 1949., a izgrađen je u brodogradilištu Glasgow 1927. U međuratnom je razdoblju pripadao brodaru Jugoslavenski Lloyd Split. Plovio je u savezničkim konvojima. Osim prikaza broda Biokovo donosimo i fotografije njegovih časnika u Drugom svjetskom ratu, na čelu sa zapovjednikom kapetanom Radom Šepićem. Jasno, na izložbi ističemo samo dio sušačkih parobroda koji su nastradali tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata, iako su neki od njih obnovljeni i, udahnuvši novi život, nastavili ploviti i nakon rata.

One of the similar ships which sailed in the convoys was the steamship Biokovo, shown in the photograph in the port of Split. The Biokovo belonged to the shipping company Jugolinija in 1949, and it was built in the shipyard of Glasgow in 1927. In the interwar period it belonged to the shipping company Jugoslavenski Lloyd Split. It sailed in the Allies’ convoys. Apart from the display of the ship Biokovo we also present photographs of its officers during World War II, led by Commander Captain Rado Šepić. Clearly, in the exhibition we emphasise only part of Sušak’s steamships which were destroyed during World War II, although some of them were restored and, breathing with new life, continued to sail even after the war.

Jedna od najnesretnijih sudbina zatekla je brod Velebit, Jugoslavenske oceanske plovidbe Sušak, u čijem je potonuću u Indijskom oceanu 1941. poginulo jedanaest hrvatskih pomoraca. To su bili: kapetan Ivo Štuk, drugi časnik palube Izidor Mifka, vođa palube Božo Uglješić, kormilar Bogumil Vranić, upravitelj stroja Petar Knežević, radiotelegrafist Anton Stiglić, kuhar Miroslav Raljević, konobar Ivo Musolin te ložači Božo Božaić, Josip Gustavi i Ivan Matulić.

One of the unluckiest fates befell the ship Velebit, of the company Jugoslavenska Oceanska Plovidba Sušak, in which eleven Croatian sailors were killed when it sank in the Indian Ocean in 1941. They were: captain Ivo Štuk, second mate Izidor Mifka, boatswain Božo Uglješić, helmsman Bogumil Vranić, chief engineer Petar Knežević, radio operator Anton Stiglić, chef Miroslav Raljević, waiter Ivo Musolin and stokers Božo Božaić, Josip Gustavi and Ivan Matulić.